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Wednesday, August 8, 2012

Kaposi's Sarcoma Medications

Definition of Kaposi's Sarcoma: A type of vascular cancer characterised by soft purple nodules that usually develop first on the feet and then slowly spread across the skin.This cancer is most often found in people with compromised immune systems, such as AIDS patients.

Drugs associated with Kaposi's Sarcoma

The following drugs and medications are in some way related to, or used in the treatment of Kaposi's Sarcoma. This service should be used as a supplement to, and NOT a substitute for, the expertise, skill, knowledge and judgment of healthcare practitioners.

Learn more about Kaposi's Sarcoma

Micromedex Care Notes:

Kaposi's Sarcoma

Medical Encyclopedia:

Kaposi's sarcoma

Harvard Health Guide:

Symptoms and treatment for Kaposi's Sarcoma

Drug List:

Tuesday, August 7, 2012

PanOxyl Bar

Pronunciation: BEN-zoyl per-OX-ide
Generic Name: Benzoyl Peroxide
Brand Name: Examples include Fostex BPO and PanOxyl

PanOxyl Bar is used for:

Treating acne.

PanOxyl Bar is a keratolytic agent with antibacterial actions. The effectiveness of benzoyl peroxide appears to be due to its antibacterial, peeling (keratolytic), and drying actions.

Do NOT use PanOxyl Bar if:

you are allergic to any ingredient in PanOxyl Bar

Contact your doctor or health care provider right away if any of these apply to you.

Before using PanOxyl Bar:

Some medical conditions may interact with PanOxyl Bar. Tell your doctor or pharmacist if you have any medical conditions, especially if any of the following apply to you:

if you are pregnant, planning to become pregnant, or are breast-feeding

if you are taking any prescription or nonprescription medicine, herbal preparation, or dietary supplement

if you have allergies to medicines, foods, or other substances

Some MEDICINES MAY INTERACT with PanOxyl Bar. Because little, if any, of PanOxyl Bar is absorbed into the blood, the risk of it interacting with another medicine is low.

Ask your health care provider if PanOxyl Bar may interact with other medicines that you take. Check with your health care provider before you start, stop, or change the dose of any medicine.

How to use PanOxyl Bar:

Use PanOxyl Bar as directed by your doctor. Check the label on the medicine for exact dosing instructions.

Wash the affected area with PanOxyl Bar for 1 to 2 minutes. Rinse thoroughly with water and pat skin dry with a clean towel. Wash your hands after using PanOxyl Bar.

If you miss a dose of PanOxyl Bar, use it as soon as possible. If it is almost time for your next dose, skip the missed dose and go back to you regular dosing schedule.

Ask your health care provider any questions you may have about how to use PanOxyl Bar.

Important safety information:

Use on the skin only. Avoid getting PanOxyl Bar in your eyes, nose, or mouth, on highly inflamed or damaged skin, or on your lips. If you get PanOxyl Bar in your eyes, immediately wash them out with cool tap water.

Do not apply PanOxyl Bar to raw or irritated skin, including sunburns, or to open wounds.

Several weeks may pass before you see improvement in your acne. Continue to use PanOxyl Bar for the full time recommended by your doctor. If your acne does not improve or if it gets worse, check with your doctor.

Talk with your doctor before you use any other medicines, special cleansers, aftershave, or cosmetics on your skin.

PanOxyl Bar may cause you to become sunburned more easily. Avoid the sun, sunlamps, or tanning booths until you know how you react to PanOxyl Bar. Use a sunscreen or wear protective clothing if you must be outside for more than a short time.

PanOxyl Bar may cause bleaching. Avoid contact with hair, fabrics, or carpeting.

PanOxyl Bar should be used with extreme caution in CHILDREN younger than 12 years old; safety and effectiveness in these children have not been confirmed.

PREGNANCY and BREAST-FEEDING: If you become pregnant, contact your doctor. You will need to discuss the benefits and risks of using PanOxyl Bar while you are pregnant. It is not known if PanOxyl Bar is found in breast milk. If you are or will be breast-feeding while you use PanOxyl Bar, check with your doctor. Discuss any possible risks to your baby.

Possible side effects of PanOxyl Bar:

All medicines may cause side effects, but many people have no, or minor, side effects. Check with your doctor if any of these most COMMON side effects persist or become bothersome:

Dryness; feeling of warmth; irritation; itching; mild peeling, redness, or swelling of the skin.

Seek medical attention right away if any of these SEVERE side effects occur:

Severe allergic reactions (rash; hives; itching; dizziness; difficulty breathing; tightness in the chest; swelling of the mouth, face, lips, or tongue); excessive burning, itching, redness, swelling, or tenderness of your skin; extreme dryness.

This is not a complete list of all side effects that may occur. If you have questions about side effects, contact your health care provider. Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. To report side effects to the appropriate agency, please read the Guide to Reporting Problems to FDA.

See also: PanOxyl side effects (in more detail)

If OVERDOSE is suspected:

Contact 1-800-222-1222 (the American Association of Poison Control Centers), your local poison control center, or emergency room immediately. Symptoms may include excessive scaling, flushing, redness, or swelling.

Proper storage of PanOxyl Bar:

Store at room temperature, between 59 and 86 degrees F (15 and 30 degrees C), in a tightly closed container. Store away from heat and light. Keep PanOxyl Bar out of the reach of children and away from pets.

General information:

If you have any questions about PanOxyl Bar, please talk with your doctor, pharmacist, or other health care provider.

PanOxyl Bar is to be used only by the patient for whom it is prescribed. Do not share it with other people.

If your symptoms do not improve or if they become worse, check with your doctor.

Check with your pharmacist about how to dispose of unused medicine.

This information is a summary only. It does not contain all information about PanOxyl Bar. If you have questions about the medicine you are taking or would like more information, check with your doctor, pharmacist, or other health care provider.

Issue Date: February 1, 2012

Database Edition 12.1.1.002

More PanOxyl resources

PanOxyl Side Effects (in more detail)
PanOxyl Use in Pregnancy & Breastfeeding
PanOxyl Drug Interactions
PanOxyl Support Group
2 Reviews for PanOxyl - Add your own review/rating

Compare PanOxyl with other medications

Acne
Perioral Dermatitis

Saturday, August 4, 2012

Nasal antihistamines and decongestants

A drug may be classified by the chemical type of the active ingredient or by the way it is used to treat a particular condition. Each drug can be classified into one or more drug classes.

Nasal antihistamines and decongestants are agents, which when delivered into the nostril help relieve symptoms of hay fever and congestion.

Nasal antihistamines block the action of histamine, which is released on exposure to allergens. They are used to relieve hay fever symptoms such as sneezing, runny nose and other nasal symptoms.

Nasal decongestants cause vasoconstriction in the nasal passages and relieve nasal congestion. Nasal congestion is caused by dilated blood vessels.

Thursday, August 2, 2012

Myphetapp

Generic Name: brompheniramine and phenylpropanolamine (brome feh NEER a meen/fen ill proe pa NO la meen)

Brand Names: Altatapp, Dibrom, Dibromm, Dimaphen, Dimetapp, Myphetapp

What is Myphetapp (brompheniramine and phenylpropanolamine)?

Brompheniramine is an antihistamine. It works against the naturally occurring chemical histamine in your body. Brompheniramine prevents sneezing; itchy, watery eyes and nose; and other symptoms of allergies and hay fever.

Phenylpropanolamine is a decongestant. It constricts (shrinks) blood vessels (veins and arteries). This reduces the blood flow to certain areas and allows nasal passages to open up.

Brompheniramine and phenylpropanolamine is used to treat nasal congestion and sinusitis (inflammation of the sinuses) associated with allergies, hay fever, and the common cold.

Phenylpropanolamine, an ingredient in this product, has been associated with an increased risk of hemorrhagic stroke (bleeding into the brain or into tissue surrounding the brain) in women. Men may also be at risk. Although the risk of hemorrhagic stroke is low, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) recommends that consumers not use any products that contain phenylpropanolamine.

Brompheniramine and phenylpropanolamine may also be used for purposes other than those listed in this medication guide.

What is the most important information I should know about Myphetapp (brompheniramine and phenylpropanolamine)?

Use caution when driving, operating machinery, or performing other hazardous activities. Brompheniramine and phenylpropanolamine may cause dizziness or drowsiness. If you experience dizziness or drowsiness, avoid these activities. Use alcohol cautiously. Alcohol may increase drowsiness and dizziness while taking brompheniramine and phenylpropanolamine.

Do not take more of this medication than is recommended. If your symptoms do not improve, or if they worsen, talk to your doctor.

What should I discuss with my healthcare provider before taking Myphetapp (brompheniramine and phenylpropanolamine)?

Do not take brompheniramine and phenylpropanolamine if you have taken a monoamine oxidase inhibitor (MAOI) such as isocarboxazid (Marplan), phenelzine (Nardil), or tranylcypromine (Parnate) in the last 14 days. A dangerous drug interaction could occur, leading to serious side effects.

Before taking this medication, tell your doctor if you have

kidney disease,

liver disease,

diabetes,

glaucoma,

any type of heart disease or high blood pressure,

thyroid disease,

emphysema or chronic bronchitis, or

difficulty urinating or an enlarged prostate.

You may not be able to take brompheniramine and phenylpropanolamine, or you may require a dosage adjustment or special monitoring during treatment if you have any of the conditions listed above.

Brompheniramine and phenylpropanolamine is in the FDA pregnancy category B. This means that it is unlikely to harm an unborn baby. Do not take this medication without first talking to your doctor if you are pregnant. This medication passes into breast milk and may harm a nursing baby. Do not take this medication without first talking to your doctor if you are breast-feeding a baby. If you are over 60 years of age, you may be more likely to experience side effects from brompheniramine and phenylpropanolamine. You may require a lower dose of this medication. Read the package label for directions or consult your doctor or pharmacist before treating a child with this medication. Children are more susceptible than adults to the effects of medicines and may have unusual reactions.

How should I take Myphetapp (brompheniramine and phenylpropanolamine)?

Take brompheniramine and phenylpropanolamine exactly as directed. If you do not understand these directions, ask your pharmacist, nurse, or doctor to explain them to you.

Take each dose with a full glass of water. Do not crush, chew, or break the long-acting or sustained-release forms of this medication. Swallow them whole. If you are unsure about the formulation of the medicine, ask your pharmacist for help.

If you cannot swallow the tablets or capsules, look for a liquid form of the medication.

To ensure that you get a correct dose, measure the liquid form of brompheniramine and phenylpropanolamine with a special dose-measuring spoon or cup, not with a regular table spoon. If you do not have a dose-measuring device, ask your pharmacist where you can get one.

Do not take more of this medication than is recommended. An overdose of this medication can cause serious harm.

Do not take brompheniramine and phenylpropanolamine for longer than 7 days in a row. If your symptoms do not improve, if they get worse, or if you have a fever, talk to your doctor.

Store brompheniramine and phenylpropanolamine at room temperature away from moisture and heat.

What happens if I miss a dose?

Take the missed dose as soon as you remember. However, if it is almost time for the next dose, skip the missed dose and take only the next regularly scheduled dose. Do not take a double dose of this medication.

What happens if I overdose?

Seek emergency medical attention.

Symptoms of a brompheniramine and phenylpropanolamine overdose include a dry mouth, large pupils, flushing, nausea, and vomiting.

What should I avoid while taking Myphetapp (brompheniramine and phenylpropanolamine)?

Brompheniramine and phenylpropanolamine may increase the effects of other drugs that cause drowsiness, including antidepressants, alcohol, other antihistamines, pain relievers, anxiety medicines, seizure medicines, and muscle relaxants. Dangerous sedation, dizziness, or drowsiness may occur if brompheniramine and phenylpropanolamine is taken with any of these medications.

Myphetapp (brompheniramine and phenylpropanolamine) side effects

Serious side effects are unlikely to occur. Stop taking brompheniramine and phenylpropanolamine and seek emergency medical attention if you experience an allergic reaction (difficulty breathing; closing of your throat; swelling of your lips, tongue, or face; or hives).

Other, less serious side effects may be more likely to occur. Continue to take brompheniramine and phenylpropanolamine and talk to your doctor or try another similar medication if you experience

dryness of the eyes, nose, and mouth;

drowsiness or dizziness;

blurred vision;

difficulty urinating; or

excitation in children.

Side effects other than those listed here may also occur. Talk to your doctor about any side effect that seems unusual or that is especially bothersome.

What other drugs will affect Myphetapp (brompheniramine and phenylpropanolamine)?

Do not take other over-the-counter cough, cold, allergy, diet, or sleep aids while taking brompheniramine and phenylpropanolamine without first talking to your doctor or pharmacist. Other medications may also contain brompheniramine, phenylpropanolamine, or other similar drugs. You may accidentally take too much of these medicines.

Drugs other than those listed here may also interact with brompheniramine and phenylpropanolamine. Talk to your doctor and pharmacist before taking any prescription or over-the-counter medicines.

More Myphetapp resources

Myphetapp Drug Interactions
Myphetapp Support Group
0 Reviews for Myphetapp - Add your own review/rating

Compare Myphetapp with other medications

Cold Symptoms

Where can I get more information?

Your pharmacist has additional information about brompheniramine and phenylpropanolamine written for health professionals that you may read.

What does my medication look like?

Many formulations of brompheniramine and phenylpropanolamine are available both over-the-counter and with a prescription. Ask your pharmacist any questions you have about this medication, especially if it is new to you.

Prednisolone Acetate eent

Class: Corticosteroids
Note: This monograph also contains information on Prednisolone Sodium Phosphate
ATC Class: S02BA03
VA Class: OP300
Chemical Name: 11ß,17,21-trihydroxypregna-1,4-diene-3,20-dione
Molecular Formula: C₂₁H₂₈O₅
CAS Number: 52-21-1
Brands: AK-Pred, Blephamide, Econopred, Inflamase, Poly-Pred, Pred, Pred-G, Vasocidin

Introduction

A synthetic nonfluorinated corticosteroid.^a ^b

Uses for Prednisolone Acetate

Ophthalmic Inflammation

Symptomatic relief of corticosteroid-responsive allergic and inflammatory conditions of the palpebral and bulbar conjunctiva, cornea, and anterior segment of the globe (e.g., allergic or vernal conjunctivitis, acne rosacea keratitis, superficial punctate keratitis, herpes zoster keratitis, uveitis, iritis, cyclitis).^b ^g ^h ⁱ

Treatment of corneal, conjunctival, and scleral injuries from chemical, radiation, or thermal burns or penetration of foreign bodies.^b ^g ^h

Bacterial Ophthalmic Infections

Used for anti-inflammatory properties in conjunction with appropriate anti-infective therapy in some bacterial infections of the eye;^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^j ^k used in fixed combination with gentamicin sulfate, sulfacetamide sodium, or the combination of neomycin sulfate and polymyxin b sulfate when such combination therapy is indicated.^c ^d ^e ^f ^j ^k If an ophthalmic corticosteroid is used in combination with an ophthalmic anti-infective, weigh benefits against risks.^g (See Infections under Cautions.)

Prednisolone Acetate Dosage and Administration

Administration

Ophthalmic Administration

Apply topically to the eyes as an ophthalmic ointment, solution, or suspension.^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^h ⁱ ^j ^k

Not for injection.^c ^d ^e ^f ^h ^j

Shake suspension well prior to each use.^b ^c ^e ⁱ ^j

Avoid contamination of the preparation container.^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^h ⁱ ^j ^k

May use ointment at night in conjunction with daytime use of a suspension or solution to reduce the frequency of applications required with the liquid dosage forms.^a

To treat eyelids, instill into the eye, then close the eye and rub the excess onto the lids and lid margins.^c

Dosage

Available as prednisolone acetate or prednisolone sodium phosphate, alone or in fixed combination with anti-infectives.^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^h ⁱ ^j ^k Potency of prednisolone acetate preparations expressed in terms of the salt.^b ^c ^e ^f ⁱ ^j ^k Potency of sodium phosphate preparations expressed in terms of prednisolone phosphate or prednisolone sodium phosphate.^a ^d ^h

Pediatric Patients

If improvement does not occur after 2 days, reevaluate the patient.^d ^f ^j

Duration of therapy ranges from a few days to several weeks; depending on the type and severity of the disease and response to therapy.^a Avoid long-term therapy.^a Do not discontinue prematurely.^d ^f ^j

When discontinuing therapy in chronic conditions, gradually taper dosing frequency to avoid exacerbation of the disease.^a ^d ^f ^j

Bacterial Ophthalmic Infections

Prednisolone Acetate 0.2% and Sulfacetamide Sodium 10%

Ophthalmic Ointment

Children ≥6 years of age: Apply 1.25-cm ribbon into the conjunctival sac of the affected eye(s) 3–4 times during the day and once or twice during the night.^f Reduce dosing frequency as infection improves.^f

Ophthalmic Suspension

Children ≥6 years of age: 2 drops into the conjunctival sac of the affected eye(s) every 4 hours during the day and at bedtime.^j Reduce dosing frequency as infection improves.^j

Prednisolone Sodium Phosphate 0.25% and Sulfacetamide Sodium 10%

Ophthalmic Solution

Children ≥6 years of age: 2 drops into the conjunctival sac of the affected eye(s) every 4 hours.^d Reduce dosing frequency as infection improves.^d

Adults

If improvement does not occur after 2 days, reevaluate the patient.^b ^f ⁱ ^j ^k

Duration of therapy ranges from a few days to a few weeks; depending on the type and severity of the disease and response to therapy.^a ^h Avoid long-term therapy.^a Do not discontinue prematurely.^b ^f ^j ^k

When discontinuing therapy in chronic conditions, gradually taper dosing frequency to avoid exacerbation of the disease.^a ^f ^j

Ophthalmic Inflammation

Prednisolone Acetate 0.12% or 1%

Ophthalmic Suspension

1 or 2 drops into the conjunctival sac of the affected eye(s) 2–4 times daily.^b ⁱ During initial 24–48 hours, may increase dosing frequency if necessary.^b ⁱ

Prednisolone Sodium Phosphate 0.125% or 1%

Ophthalmic Solution

Initially, depending on severity of inflammation, 1 or 2 drops into the conjunctival sac of the affected eye(s) up to every hour during the day and every 2 hours during the night as necessary.^h When a favorable response is attained, reduce dosing frequency to 1 drop every 4 hours and subsequently to 1 drop 3 or 4 times daily.^h

Bacterial Ophthalmic Infections

Prednisolone Acetate 0.5%, Neomycin Sulfate 0.35%, and Polymyxin B Sulfate 10,000 units

Ophthalmic Suspension

1 or 2 drops into the conjunctival sac of the affected eye(s) every 3 or 4 hours, or more frequently as required.^c For acute infection, may administer every 30 minutes.^c Reduce dosing frequency as infection improves.^c

To treat eyelids: 1 or 2 drops into the affected eye(s) every 3 to 4 hours.^c (See Administration under Dosage and Administration.)

Prednisolone Acetate 0.6% and Gentamicin Sulfate 0.3%

Ophthalmic Ointment

Apply a 1.25-cm ribbon into the conjunctival sac of the affected eye(s) 1–3 times daily.^k

Ophthalmic Suspension

Initial 24–48 hours, up to 1 drop into the conjunctival sac of the affected eye(s) every hour; thereafter, 1 drop 2–4 times daily.^e

Prednisolone Acetate 0.2% and Sulfacetamide Sodium 10%

Ophthalmic Ointment

Apply a 1.25-cm ribbon into the conjunctival sac of the affected eye(s) 3–4 times during the day and once or twice during the night.^f Reduce dosing frequency as infection improves.^f

Ophthalmic Suspension

2 drops into the conjunctival sac of the affected eye(s) every 4 hours during the day and at bedtime.^j Reduce dosing frequency as infection improves.^j

Prednisolone Sodium Phosphate 0.25% and Sulfacetamide Sodium 10%.

Ophthalmic Solution

2 drops into the conjunctival sac of the affected eye(s) every 4 hours.^d Reduce dosing frequency as infection improves.^d

Special Populations

No special population dosage recommendations at this time.^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^h ⁱ ^j ^k

Cautions for Prednisolone Acetate

Contraindications

Viral diseases of the cornea and conjunctiva (e.g., epithelial herpes simplex keratitis [dendritic keratitis], vaccinia, varicella).^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k

Mycobacterial infection of the eye.^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k

Fungal disease of ocular structures.^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k

Acute, purulent, untreated infections of the eye.^b

After uncomplicated removal of a corneal foreign body.^c ^h

Known hypersensitivity to prednisolone, other corticosteroids, or any ingredient in the formulation.^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k

Warnings/Precautions

Warnings

Ocular Effects

Risk of glaucoma (with damage to optic nerve), defects in visual acuity and fields of vision, and posterior subcapsular cataract formation with prolonged use of corticosteroids.^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k Use with caution in glaucoma because IOP may increase.^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ⁱ ^j ^k

If used for ≥10 days, monitor IOP routinely even though monitoring may be difficult in children and uncooperative patients.^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k

In conditions causing thinning of the cornea or sclera, perforations reported with use of topical corticosteroids.^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k

Use of high-dose corticosteroids may delay healing.^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ⁱ ^j ^k Use after cataract surgery may delay healing and increase incidence of bleb formation.^b ^d ^e ^f ^g ⁱ ^j ^k

Infections

Prolonged use may suppress the host response and thus increase the risk of secondary ocular infections.^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k

In acute purulent conditions of the eye, corticosteroids may mask infection or enhance existing infection.^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^h ⁱ ^j ^k (See Contraindications under Cautions.)

Herpes Simplex

Use of corticosteroids in the treatment of herpes simplex infections other than epithelial herpes simplex keratitis, in which corticosteroids are contraindicated, requires great caution; periodic slit-lamp microscopy is essential.^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k

Sensitivity Reactions

Sulfite Sensitivity

Some formulations of prednisolone contain sulfites, which may cause allergic-type reactions (including anaphylaxis and life-threatening or less severe asthmatic episodes) in certain susceptible individuals.^b ^g ⁱ

General Precautions

Evaluation of Ocular Condition

Initial prescription or renewal of medication order beyond 8 g of ointment or 20 mL of suspension or solution should be provided only after examination of the patient with the aid of magnification (e.g., slit lamp biomicroscopy, fluorescein staining where appropriate).^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ⁱ ^j ^k

Reevaluate patient if improvement does not occur after 2 days.^b ^d ^e ^f ⁱ ^j ^k

Fungal Infections

Long-term local corticosteroid application associated with development of fungal infections of the cornea.^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ⁱ ^j ^k Consider possibility of fungal infection in patients with persistent corneal ulceration who have been or who are receiving corticosteroid therapy.^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^h ⁱ ^j ^k

Use of Fixed Combinations

When prednisolone acetate or prednisolone sodium phosphate is used in fixed combination with gentamicin sulfate, sulfacetamide sodium, or the combination of neomycin sulfate and polymyxin B sulfate, consider the cautions, precautions, and contraindications associated with the concomitant agent(s).^d ^f

Corneal Reepithelialization

Use of ophthalmic ointments may decrease rate of corneal reepithelialization.^f ^g

Specific Populations

Pregnancy

Category C.^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^h ⁱ ^j ^k

Lactation

Not known whether topical ophthalmic administration of corticosteroids could result in sufficient systemic absorption to produce detectable quantities in milk.^b ^d ^e ^f ^h ⁱ ^j ^k

Caution if used in nursing women.^c ^h Some manufacturers recommend that women discontinue nursing or the drug.^b ⁱ

Pediatric Use

Safety and efficacy of ophthalmic preparations containing prednisolone acetate or prednisolone sodium phosphate in fixed combination with sulfacetamide sodium not established in children <6 years of age.^d ^f ^j

Safety and efficacy of other ophthalmic prednisolone preparations (prednisolone sodium phosphate alone, prednisolone acetate alone or in fixed combination with gentamicin or with neomycin sulfate and polymyxin B sulfate) not established in children of any age.^b ^c ^e ^h ⁱ ^k

Geriatric Use

No substantial differences in safety or efficacy relative to younger patients.^b ^c ^e ⁱ ^k

Common Adverse Effects

Elevated IOP,^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^h ⁱ ^j ^k transient stinging or burning,^b ^e ^h ⁱ blurred vision,^g ⁱ ocular irritation,^b ^e ^k foreign body sensation.ⁱ

Prednisolone Acetate Pharmacokinetics

Absorption

Bioavailability

Corticosteroids are absorbed through the aqueous humor; because only low doses are given, little if any systemic absorption occurs.^g

Distribution

Extent

Systemically absorbed corticosteroids are distributed into milk; not known whether topical corticosteroids could produce detectable levels in human milk.^b ^d ^e ^f ^h ⁱ ^j ^k

Stability

Storage

Ophthalmic

Sulfacetamide-containing solutions darken on prolonged standing and exposure to heat and light.^d ^j Discard preparations that have darkened; yellow discoloration does not affect activity.^d ^j

Ointment

Gentamicin and prednisolone acetate: 15–25°C.^k

Sulfacetamide sodium and prednisolone acetate: 15–25°C.^f

Solution

Prednisolone sodium phosphate: 15–25°C; protect from light.^h

Sulfacetamide sodium and prednisolone acetate: 15–25°C; protect from heat and light.^d Do not freeze.^d

Suspension

Gentamicin and prednisolone acetate: 15–25°C; do not freeze.^e Do not expose to ≥40°C.^e

Prednisolone acetate (Pred Forte): ≤25°C; do not freeze.ⁱ

Prednisolone acetate (Pred-Mild): 15–30°C; do not freeze.^b

Prednisolone acetate, neomycin sulfate, polymyxin B sulfate: 15–25°C; do not freeze.^c

Sulfacetamide sodium and prednisolone acetate: 8–24°C; protect from light and freezing.^j

Compatibility

Ophthalmic

Solutions and Suspensions

Sulfacetamide sodium and prednisolone acetate or prednisolone sodium phosphate preparations: Incompatible with preparations containing silver.^d ^f ^j

ActionsActions

Corticosteroids suppress the inflammatory response to mechanical, chemical, or immunologic agents.^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ^j ^k

Corticosteroids inhibit edema, fibrin deposition, capillary dilation, leukocyte migration, capillary proliferation, fibroblast proliferation, deposition of collagen, and scar formation associated with inflammation.^b ^g ⁱ

Advice to Patients

Importance of discontinuing therapy and consulting a clinician if inflammation or pain persists for >48 hours or worsens.^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ⁱ ^j ^k

Importance of learning and adhering to proper administration techniques to avoid contamination of the tip of the container.^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k

Advise patient not to share the drug with any other person.^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ⁱ ^j ^k

Importance of not wearing contact lenses if signs or symptoms of eye infections occur.^c ^j

Importance of removing soft contact lenses prior to administering preparations containing benzalkonium chloride and of delaying reinsertion of the lenses for ≥5 minutes after administration.^l

Importance of informing a clinician if another eye condition (e.g., trauma, surgery, infection) develops during ophthalmic therapy.^g

Importance of informing clinicians of existing or contemplated concomitant therapy, including prescription and OTC drugs, as well as any concomitant illnesses.^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k

Importance of women informing clinicians if they are or plan to become pregnant or plan to breast-feed.^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k

Importance of informing patients of other important precautionary information. (See Cautions.)

Preparations

Excipients in commercially available drug preparations may have clinically important effects in some individuals; consult specific product labeling for details.

Prednisolone Acetate
Routes	Dosage Forms	Strengths	Brand Names	Manufacturer
Bulk	Powder
Ophthalmic	Suspension	0.12%	Pred Mild (with benzalkonium chloride and sodium bisulfite)	Allergan
		1%	Econopred Plus (with benzalkonium chloride)	Alcon
			Pred Forte (with benzalkonium chloride and sodium bisulfite)	Allergan
			Prednisolone Acetate	Falcon

Gentamicin Sulfate and Prednisolone Acetate
Routes	Dosage Forms	Strengths	Brand Names	Manufacturer
Ophthalmic	Ointment	Gentamicin Sulfate 0.3% (of gentamicin) and Prednisolone Acetate 0.6%	Pred-G (with chlorobutanol)	Allergan
	Suspension	Gentamicin Sulfate 0.3% (of gentamicin) and Prednisolone Acetate 1%	Pred-G (with benzalkonium chloride; viscous)	Allergan

Neomycin and Polymyxin B Sulfates and Prednisolone Acetate
Routes	Dosage Forms	Strengths	Brand Names	Manufacturer
Ophthalmic	Suspension	Neomycin Sulfate 0.35% (of neomycin), Polymyxin B Sulfate 10,000 units (of polymyxin B) per mL, and Prednisolone Acetate 0.5%	Poly-Pred (with propylene glycol and thimerosal; viscous)	Allergan

* available from one or more manufacturer, distributor, and/or repackager by generic (nonproprietary) name

Sulfacetamide Sodium and Prednisolone Acetate
Routes	Dosage Forms	Strengths	Brand Names	Manufacturer
Ophthalmic	Ointment	10% Sulfacetamide Sodium and Prednisolone Acetate 0.2%	Blephamide (with phenylmercuric acetate)	Allergan
	Suspension	10% Sulfacetamide Sodium and Prednisolone Acetate 0.2%*	Blephamide (with benzalkonium chloride; viscous)	Allergan

* available from one or more manufacturer, distributor, and/or repackager by generic (nonproprietary) name

Prednisolone Sodium Phosphate
Routes	Dosage Forms	Strengths	Brand Names	Manufacturer
Ophthalmic	Solution	0.125% (0.11% of prednisolone phosphate)*	Inflamase Mild (with benzalkonium chloride)	Novartis
		1% (0.9% of prednisolone phosphate)	AK-Pred (with benzalkonium chloride and sodium bisulfite)	Akorn
			Inflamase Forte (with benzalkonium chloride)	Novartis
			Prednisolone Sodium Phosphate	Bausch & Lomb

* available from one or more manufacturer, distributor, and/or repackager by generic (nonproprietary) name

Prednisolone Sodium Phosphate Combinations
Routes	Dosage Forms	Strengths	Brand Names	Manufacturer
Ophthalmic	Solution	0.25% (0.23% of prednisolone phosphate) with Sulfacetamide Sodium 10%*	Sulfacetamide Sodium and Prednisolone Sodium Phosphate	Bausch & Lomb, Falcon

Comparative Pricing

This pricing information is subject to change at the sole discretion of DS Pharmacy. This pricing information was updated 03/2011. Actual costs to patients will vary depending on the use of specific retail or mail-order locations and health insurance copays.

Blephamide 10-0.2% Suspension (ALLERGAN): 10/$95.99 or 30/$275.97

Blephamide 10-0.2% Suspension (ALLERGAN): 5/$67.99 or 15/$189.98

Blephamide S.O.P. 10-0.2% Ointment (ALLERGAN): 3/$68.99 or 10/$185.96

Econopred Plus 1% Suspension (ALCON VISION): 10/$57.99 or 30/$165.98

Econopred Plus 1% Suspension (ALCON VISION): 5/$40.99 or 15/$155.97

Omnipred 1% Suspension (ALCON VISION): 10/$85.99 or 30/$239.97

Pred Forte 1% Suspension (ALLERGAN): 10/$69.99 or 30/$199.97

Pred Forte 1% Suspension (ALLERGAN): 15/$99.99 or 45/$279.98

Pred Forte 1% Suspension (ALLERGAN): 5/$39.99 or 15/$105.97

Pred Mild 0.12% Suspension (ALLERGAN): 10/$47.83 or 30/$124.76

Pred Mild 0.12% Suspension (ALLERGAN): 5/$37.43 or 15/$89.41

Pred-G 0.3-1% Suspension (ALLERGAN): 5/$39.35 or 15/$101.19

PrednisoLONE Acetate 1% Suspension (FALCON PHARMACEUTICALS): 5/$19.99 or 15/$45.97

PrednisoLONE Acetate 1% Suspension (FALCON PHARMACEUTICALS): 15/$33.99 or 45/$95.98

PrednisoLONE Acetate 1% Suspension (FALCON PHARMACEUTICALS): 10/$25.99 or 30/$59.97

PrednisoLONE Sodium Phosphate 1% Solution (BAUSCH & LOMB): 10/$72.99 or 30/$210.97

Sulfacetamide-Prednisolone 10-0.23% Solution (BAUSCH & LOMB): 10/$30.99 or 20/$53.97

Sulfacetamide-Prednisolone 10-0.23% Solution (BAUSCH & LOMB): 5/$21.99 or 15/$53.97

Disclaimer

This report on medications is for your information only, and is not considered individual patient advice. Because of the changing nature of drug information, please consult your physician or pharmacist about specific clinical use.

The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists, Inc. and Drugs.com represent that the information provided hereunder was formulated with a reasonable standard of care, and in conformity with professional standards in the field. The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists, Inc. and Drugs.com make no representations or warranties, express or implied, including, but not limited to, any implied warranty of merchantability and/or fitness for a particular purpose, with respect to such information and specifically disclaims all such warranties. Users are advised that decisions regarding drug therapy are complex medical decisions requiring the independent, informed decision of an appropriate health care professional, and the information is provided for informational purposes only. The entire monograph for a drug should be reviewed for a thorough understanding of the drug's actions, uses and side effects. The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists, Inc. and Drugs.com do not endorse or recommend the use of any drug. The information is not a substitute for medical care.

References

a. AHFS drug information 2008. McEvoy GK, ed. Prednisolone. Bethesda, MD: American Society of Health-Systems Pharmacists; 2008: 2887-8.

b. Allergan, Inc. Pred-Mild (prednisolone acetate ophthalmic suspension) prescribing information. Irvine, CA; 2004 Jun.

c. Allergan, Inc. Poly-Pred (prednisolone acetate, neomycin sulfate, polymyxin B sulfate ophthalmic suspension) prescribing information. Irvine, CA; 2004 Dec.

d. Falcon Pharmaceuticals, Ltd. Sulfacetamide sodium and prednisolone sodium phosphate ophthalmic solution prescribing information. Ft Worth, TX; 2007 Jul.

e. Allergan, Inc. Pred G (gentamicin sulfate 0.3% and prednisolone acetate 0.1% ophthalmic suspension) prescribing information. Irvine, CA; 2005 Dec .

f. Allergan, Inc. Blephamide (sulfacetamide sodium 10% and prednisolone acetate 0.2% ophthalmic ointment) prescribing information. Irvine, CA; 2004 Sep.

g. AHFS drug information 2008. McEvoy GK, ed. EENT corticosteroids general statement. Bethesda, MD: American Society of Health Systems Pharmacists; 2008: 2867-9.

h. Novartis Ophthalmics. Inflamase Mild 1/8% and Inflamase Forte 1% (prednisolone sodium phosphate) ophthalmic solution prescribing information. Duluth, GA; 2001 Jul.

i. Allergan, Inc. Pred-Forte (prednisolone acetate ophthalmic suspension) prescribing information. Irvine, CA; 2004 Mar.

j. Allergan, Inc. Blephamide (sulfacetamide sodium 10% and prednisolone acetate 0.2% ophthalmic suspension) prescribing information. Irvine, CA; 2004 Jun.

k. Allergan, Inc. Pred-G (gentamicin sulfate 0.3% and prednisolone acetate 0.6% ophthalmic ointment) prescribing information. Irvine, CA; 2004 Jan.

l. Christensen MT, Barry JR, Twiner FD. Five-minute removal of soft lenses prevents most absorption of a topical ophthalmic solution. CLAO J. 1998; 24:227-31. [PubMed 9800062]

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Prednisolone Acetate eent Use in Pregnancy & Breastfeeding
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Postoperative Ocular Inflammation

palonosetron

Generic Name: palonosetron (PAL oh NOE se tron)

Brand Names: Aloxi

What is palonosetron?

Palonosetron blocks the actions of chemicals in the body that can trigger nausea and vomiting.

Palonosetron is used to prevent nausea and vomiting that may be caused by medicine to treat cancer (chemotherapy).

Palonosetron may be used for other purposes not listed in this medication guide.

What is the most important information I should know about palonosetron?

You should not use this medication if you are allergic to palonosetron or to similar medicines such as dolasetron (Anzemet), granisetron (Kytril), or ondansetron (Zofran).

Tell your doctor if you forget to take your dose within 1 hour before chemotherapy. Do not take extra medicine to make up the missed dose.

What should I discuss with my health care provider before taking palonosetron?

You should not use this medication if you are allergic to palonosetron or to similar medicines such as dolasetron (Anzemet), granisetron (Kytril), or ondansetron (Zofran). FDA pregnancy category B. This medication is not expected to be harmful to an unborn baby. Tell your doctor if you are pregnant or plan to become pregnant during treatment. It is not known whether palonosetron passes into breast milk or if it could harm a nursing baby. Do not use this medication without telling your doctor if you are breast-feeding a baby.

How should I take palonosetron?

Take this medication exactly as it was prescribed for you. Do not take the medication in larger amounts, or take it for longer than recommended by your doctor. Follow the directions on your prescription label.

Palonosetron is usually taken 1 hour before chemotherapy. Follow your doctor's instructions.

Store palonosetron at room temperature away from moisture and heat.

See also: Palonosetron dosage (in more detail)

What happens if I miss a dose?

Tell your doctor if you forget to take your dose within 1 hour before chemotherapy. Do not take extra medicine to make up the missed dose.

What happens if I overdose?

Seek emergency medical attention if you think you have received too much of this medicine.

An overdose of palonosetron is not expected to produce life-threatening symptoms.

What should I avoid while taking palonosetron?

Follow your doctor's instructions about any restrictions on food, beverages, or activity.

Palonosetron side effects

Get emergency medical help if you have any of these signs of an allergic reaction: hives; difficulty breathing; swelling of your face, lips, tongue, or throat.

Less serious side effects may include:

headache;

constipation; or

tired feeling.

This is not a complete list of side effects and others may occur. Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088.

Palonosetron Dosing Information

Usual Adult Dose for Nausea/Vomiting -- Chemotherapy Induced:

Parenteral: 0.25 mg IV as a single dose 30 minutes before the start of chemotherapy.

Oral: 0.5 mg orally administered approximately 1 hour prior to the start of chemotherapy.

Usual Adult Dose for Nausea/Vomiting -- Postoperative:

0.075 mg IV as a single dose immediately before induction of anesthesia.

Usual Pediatric Dose for Nausea/Vomiting -- Chemotherapy Induced:

The dosing information for children and adolescents for prevention of acute chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting is based on clinical trials:

Kadota (2007): A randomized trial of 60 pediatric patients greater than 2 years of age [12 patients (1 month to 2 years) treated in an open-label fashion] showed 3 mcg/kg (maximum dose: 0.25 mg) and 10 mcg/kg (maximum dose: 0.75 mg) were well-tolerated and effective (no emesis, no rescue first 0 to 24 hours).

Sepulveda-Vildosola (2008): A randomized comparison of palonosetron (0.25 mg single dose 30 minutes before chemotherapy) and ondansetron (8 mg/m2 every 8 hours beginning 30 minutes before chemotherapy) in children 2 to 15 years, evaluated 100 chemotherapy courses in each arm and showed a statistically significant reduction in emetic events on days 2 to 3 in the palonosetron group and clinically significant reduction in emetic events on days 4 to 7 (up to 6 emetic events in the ondansetron group versus none with palonosetron).

What other drugs will affect palonosetron?

There may be other drugs that can interact with palonosetron. Tell your doctor about all your prescription and over-the-counter medications, vitamins, minerals, herbal products, and drugs prescribed by other doctors. Do not start a new medication without telling your doctor.

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Palonosetron Side Effects (in more detail)
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0 Reviews for Palonosetron - Add your own review/rating

palonosetron Advanced Consumer (Micromedex) - Includes Dosage Information

Palonosetron MedFacts Consumer Leaflet (Wolters Kluwer)

Aloxi Monograph (AHFS DI)

Aloxi Prescribing Information (FDA)

Aloxi Advanced Consumer (Micromedex) - Includes Dosage Information

Aloxi Consumer Overview

Compare palonosetron with other medications

Nausea/Vomiting, Chemotherapy Induced
Nausea/Vomiting, Postoperative

Where can I get more information?

Your pharmacist can provide more information about palonosetron.

See also: palonosetron side effects (in more detail)

Wednesday, August 1, 2012

PreviDent Cream

Pronunciation: SO-dee-um FLOR-ide
Generic Name: Sodium Fluoride
Brand Name: Examples include Phos-Flur and PreviDent

PreviDent Cream is used for:

Preventing dental caries.

PreviDent Cream is a fluoride-containing toothpaste. It works by strengthening the teeth and decreasing the effects of acid and bacteria on the teeth.

Do NOT use PreviDent Cream if:

you are allergic to any ingredient in PreviDent Cream

you have trouble swallowing

Contact your doctor or health care provider right away if any of these apply to you.

Before using PreviDent Cream:

Some medical conditions may interact with PreviDent Cream. Tell your doctor or pharmacist if you have any medical conditions, especially if any of the following apply to you:

if you are pregnant, planning to become pregnant, or are breast-feeding

if you are taking any prescription or nonprescription medicine, herbal preparation, or dietary supplement

if you have allergies to medicines, foods, or other substances

Some MEDICINES MAY INTERACT with PreviDent Cream. However, no specific interactions with PreviDent Cream are known at this time.

This may not be a complete list of all interactions that may occur. Ask your health care provider if PreviDent Cream may interact with other medicines that you take. Check with your health care provider before you start, stop, or change the dose of any medicine.

How to use PreviDent Cream:

Use PreviDent Cream as directed by your doctor. Check the label on the medicine for exact dosing instructions.

Brush your teeth with a small amount of PreviDent Cream. Swish it around your mouth for about 1 minute and then spit it out. Do not swallow it. Do not eat, drink, or rinse your mouth for 30 minutes after using PreviDent Cream.

If you miss a dose of PreviDent Cream, take it as soon as possible. If it is almost time for your next dose, skip the missed dose and go back to your regular dosing schedule. Do not take 2 doses at once.

Ask your health care provider any questions you may have about how to use PreviDent Cream.

Important safety information:

Do not exceed the dose recommended by your doctor or dentist.

Notify your dentist if your teeth become spotted or stained.

Caution is advised when using PreviDent Cream in CHILDREN; they may be more sensitive to its effects

PREGNANCY and BREAST-FEEDING: If you become pregnant while taking PreviDent Cream, discuss with your doctor the benefits and risks of using PreviDent Cream during pregnancy. It is not known if PreviDent Cream is found in breast milk. If you are or will be breast-feeding while you are using PreviDent Cream, check with your doctor or pharmacist to discuss the risks to your baby.

Possible side effects of PreviDent Cream:

All medicines may cause side effects, but many people have no, or minor, side effects. When used in small doses, no COMMON side effects have been reported with PreviDent Cream. Seek medical attention right away if any of these SEVERE side effects occur:

Severe allergic reactions (rash; hives; itching; difficulty breathing; tightness in the chest; swelling of the mouth, face, lips, or tongue).

See also: PreviDent side effects (in more detail)

If OVERDOSE is suspected:

Contact 1-800-222-1222 (the American Association of Poison Control Centers), your local poison control center, or emergency room immediately. Symptoms may include diarrhea; extreme thirst; increased drooling; muscle weakness; nausea; paleness of the skin; seizures; shallow, rapid breathing; shaking; stomach pain; vomiting; weak or fast heartbeat.

Proper storage of PreviDent Cream:

Store PreviDent Cream at room temperature, between 68 and 77 degrees F (20 and 25 degrees C), in a tightly closed container. Brief storage at temperatures between 59 and 86 degrees F (15 and 30 degrees C) is permitted. Store away from heat, moisture, and light. Do not store in the bathroom. Keep PreviDent Cream out of the reach of children and away from pets.

General information:

If you have any questions about PreviDent Cream, please talk with your doctor, pharmacist, or other health care provider.

PreviDent Cream is to be used only by the patient for whom it is prescribed. Do not share it with other people.

If your symptoms do not improve or if they become worse, check with your doctor.

Check with your pharmacist about how to dispose of unused medicine.

This information is a summary only. It does not contain all information about PreviDent Cream. If you have questions about the medicine you are taking or would like more information, check with your doctor, pharmacist, or other health care provider.

Issue Date: February 1, 2012

Database Edition 12.1.1.002

More PreviDent resources

PreviDent Side Effects (in more detail)
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0 Reviews for PreviDent - Add your own review/rating

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Prevention of Dental Caries